What is the longest word in the english language?

[Walkiry]

It's a chemical compound, not a medical term, although I have no clue what it is... also if it is acceptable, then I gues there would be longer ones also.
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It's a polypeptide, actually (that is, a protein). One of the little known secrets of biology is that you can name the proteins by their chemical composition by simply chaining the names of the aminoacids in the fashion described there.

The other way (most commonly used when writting stuff and not just speaking) is to use one letter codes for each aminoacid. In the example, "methionyl" would become "M" or "Met" (short for Methyonine) if you use 3-letter code, "glutaminyl" becomes "Q" or "Gln", and so on.

So yes, you can make it as long as you want (arbitrarily long in fact, at least as a "theoretical" compound), but for "real" proteins, the longest I can think of is the cardiac variant of Titin, with a staggering length of 26,926 aminoacids (if you then take an average of, say, 8 letters when constructing the chemical composition the "hard way", it comes with over 215,000 characters, what a word!),