how is hitting calculated?

[Tommi]

The clvl-based defense and ED mods on armour do affect the listed defense on said armour. The defense listed on Duriel's Shell, for example, goes up as you gain levels. So the part that says "Other effects, such as +X to defense per character level, do not add to item defense but directly to defense (see defense rating)." may also be inaccurate.

That paragraph follows from the discussion of Holy Shield not affecting Stormshield's +Defense/Clvl mod. Perhaps I should rephrase the paragraph that Holy Shield has a bug, that it does not affect +Defense/Clvl, and not say that +Defense/Clvl is included in the final defense calculation, because, as you said, the defense this property grants is shown on the item.

When I had excluded the clvl-based ED, I had meant that this does get calculated and added separately from the other ED, but it is still calculated as item defense. I realize only now that the clvl-based ED isn't actually found on any legit, unmodded item .

Yeah, it seems so.

It also doesn't mention that if ED Modifier is 1, only the maximum value of Item Base Defense will be used, instead of a possible range of values.

Ok. I'll add it in the near future.

Cheers,

Tommi